Annual spend: $92.4m The prices of bribes are estimates based on anecdotal evidence.. The trendy but long-suffering audiences attacted to the Avignon theatre festival - one of the most prestigious in Europe - have finally had enough. Annual spend: $583.4m SECURING A JOB Or avoiding being fired, costs from $500. Annual spend: $143.4m SCHOOL PLACE To get a child into a good school and make sure they do well there: starting price $1,000, or more.
Annual spend: $209.5m TRAFFIC COP BRIBE Entry level price in Moscow $7 rising to $200. Annual spend: $183.3m UNIVERSITY PLACE A bribe to secure a place at university varies from $9,000 to $35,000; law costs the most. "These findings are not just an analysis of corruption but a litmus test of the authorities and the efficacy of their reforms." Indem said the government's anti-corruption task force appeared to have achieved little and noted with irony that the initial head of the organisation, the former prime minister Mikhail Kasyanov, was himself now being investigated over corruption allegations. Everyday expenses MEDICAL TREATMENT Ensuring you get treatment varies from $7 (£4) to hundreds of dollars.
Annual spend: $401.1m NATIONAL SERVICE If your son wants to avoid serving in the army for two years, it can cost $1,000. Annual spend: $353.6m LEGAL RULING Persuading a judge to rule in your favour costs from $500 to tens of thousands of dollars. "Now we know exactly what the authorities have been doing for these past four years," Elena Panfilova, of Transparency International Russia, told reporters. Anti-corruption specialists said the report showed how spectacularly bad Mr Putin's administration had been at stamping out corruption despite repeated promises in his annual address to do just that. Experts said officials had become more greedy because they feared they would soon lose their jobs in President Putin's administrative reforms and therefore wanted to "make hay while the sun shone".
